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Scientific Perspectives on Animal Welfare is a compendium of papers presented at the First Conference on Scientific Perspectives in Animal Welfare. This book discusses the role of scientists in the human use of animals in biomedical experiments. This text reviews the use of animals in medical research and also expounds on the work and goals of the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare. Section 1 discusses the responsibilities of the researcher involved in animal experimentations, including his choice of species and his compliance with guidelines and principles in the animal's treatment. Section

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- PART I: CULTURAL OVERVIEW -- 1 Herostratus -- 2 Son of Cain or Son of Sam? The Monster as Serial Killer in Beowulf -- 3 Towards an Historical Sociology of Multiple Murder -- PART II: ORIGINS OF THE IMPULSE -- 4 A Study of Serial Murder -- 5 Serial Murderers: Early Proposed Developmental Model and Typology -- 6 Detective Magazines: Pornography for the Sexual Sadist? -- 7 Adolescents' Motivations for Viewing Graphic Horror -- 8 'Ideological Homicide' -- PART III: CRIMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS -- 9 A Murder "Wave"? Trends in American Serial Homicide 1940-1990 -- 10 Serial Murder in England 1940-1985 -- 11 Are Serial Killers Special? -- 12 , British Journal of Criminology -- 13 Assessment of PTSD Symptoms in a Community Exposed to Serial Murder -- PART IV: PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS AND THE LAW -- 14 American Psychiatry and the Criminal: A Historical Review -- 15 The Insanity Plea: A Futile Defense for Serial Killers -- 16 Contributions of Psychiatric Consultationin the Investigation of Serial Murder -- 17 The Sexually Sadistic Criminal and His Offenses -- PART V: PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES -- 18 A Study of William Heirens -- 19 The Bianchi (L.A. Hillside Strangler) Case: Sociopath or Multiple Personality? -- 20 Difficulties Diagnosing the Multiple Personality Syndrome in a Death Penalty Case -- 21 On the Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Personality in the Forensic Context -- 22 Towards a New Methodology for Making Sense of Case Material: An Illustrative Case Involving Attempted Multiple Murder -- PART VI: GENDER ISSUES -- 23 Jack the Ripper and the Myth of Male Violence -- 24 Female Serial Murderesses: Constructing Differentiating Typologies -- 25 Gender Differences in Serial Murderers A Preliminary Analysis

Current theory on safety hazards and the origin of safety risk is often unstructured, misleading and ambiguous. Essentially, it is ambiguous, as definitions and descriptions refrain from stating a formal common basis upon which one can rely to fundamentally and rightfully conclude what a safety hazard is. As a result, it is quite an effort to set a scientifically valid base for precisely what safety hazards are. The objective of this study was to outline the questionable bases of current views on safety hazards and identify the real nature of safety hazards. The characteristics of safety hazards inform the verification of the scientific nature of the different perspectives on safety hazards. Through a quantitative survey, an assessment was performed regarding the cognisance of South African small business owners and managers related to safety hazards. This study found that safety hazards need to unambiguously remain safety hazards under all circumstances in life. Small business owners and managers require further education to develop their cognisance of safety hazards in order to manage the related safety risk. This research has indicated that not all small business owners or managers are compliant with this legal responsibility and that assistance should be provided to small business owners or managers to assist them in realising the importance of safety hazards in the workplace. Proper cognisance of safety hazards leads to enhanced compliance with legislative requirements.

Current theory on safety hazards and the origin of safety risk is often unstructured, misleading and ambiguous. Essentially, it is ambiguous, as definitions and descriptions refrain from stating a formal common basis upon which one can rely to fundamentally and rightfully conclude what a safety hazard is. As a result, it is quite an effort to set a scientifically valid base for precisely what safety hazards are. The objective of this study was to outline the questionable bases of current views on safety hazards and identify the real nature of safety hazards. The characteristics of safety hazards inform the verification of the scientific nature of the different perspectives on safety hazards. Through a quantitative survey, an assessment was performed regarding the cognisance of South African small business owners and managers related to safety hazards. This study found that safety hazards need to unambiguously remain safety hazards under all circumstances in life. Small business owners and managers require further education to develop their cognisance of safety hazards in order to manage the related safety risk. This research has indicated that not all small business owners or managers are compliant with this legal responsibility and that assistance should be provided to small business owners or managers to assist them in realising the importance of safety hazards in the workplace. Proper cognisance of safety hazards leads to enhanced compliance with legislative requirements.

The essays in this collection deploy biological and social scientific perspectives to evaluate the transformative experience of parenthood for today's women and men. They map the similar and distinct roles mothers and fathers play in their children's lives and measure the effect of gendered parenting on child well-being, work and family arrangements, and the quality of couples' relationships.Contributors describe what happens to brains and bodies when women become mothers and men become fathers; whether the stakes are the same or different for each sex; why, across history and cultures, women

The report comprehensively examines the best available evidence from the natural sciences and computer modelling, as well as social, political and behavioural sciences. Its key conclusions are: Microplastics — tiny particles under 5mm in length — are already present across air, soil and sediment, freshwaters, seas and oceans, plants and animals, and in several components of the human diet. These particles come from a variety of sources, including plastic products, textiles, fisheries, agriculture, industry and general waste. In controlled experiments, high concentrations of these particles have been shown to cause physical harm to the environment and living creatures, including inducing inflammation and stress. However, the concentration levels measured in many real-world locations are well below this threshold — though there are also limitations in the measurement methods currently available. Meanwhile, in other parts of the environment, there is no reliable evidence about the levels or effects of these particles. This is true especially of nanoplastics, which are very difficult to measure and evaluate.